Localization and sensing in 5G NR and beyond

mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:
FR;mso-fareast-language:FR;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Accurate localization and environmental sensing capabilities are crucial for developing intelligent, autonomous, and connected systems. Apart from offering high data rates and low latency communication, next-generation cellular networks, such as 5G and beyond, are expected to provide precise localization and environmental sensing capabilities. These capabilities rely on the accurate estimation of the channel state information (CSI). However, in practice, the estimated CSI suffers from impairments such as clock drift and timing correction loops. The clock drift occurs when the clocks on the base station (gNB) and the user equipment (UE) run asynchronously, leading to drift over time. To mitigate this issue, timing correction loops are incorporated into the cellular protocol stack to correct the clock drift periodically. While cellular systems were traditionally designed for communication purposes, the effect of clock drift and timing correction loops is negligible on the communication[...]